Epicyclic Motion

Everything depends upon the sizes of the gears. The rates at which the gears, and rings, and planet assemblies rotate is governed by their number of teeth relative to each other. In the ubiquitous Sturmey Archer 3-speed hub, the numbers are;

 sun gear = 20 teeth

 planet gears = 20 teeth

 ring gear = 60 teeth

 One notes that when Martin Luther first saw the newly invented printing press, he said "There's a Devil in it!", and he was right.